Anesthetic-administering apparatus



W. A. JOHNSTON, A. W. BROWNE AND F. LQWALLACE.

ANESTHETIC ADMINISTERING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 7, 1918.

Patented May 18, 1920.

' 2 SHEETSSHEET l A 52 G I. F

a u w W W. m mm ea a wm a W. A. JOHNSTON, A. W. BROWNE AND F. L.WALLACE.

ANESTHE TIC' ADMINISTERING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT- 7.19IB.

I Patented May 18,1920;

-2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

"UNITE STATES PATENT oErioE.

WILLIAM A. Jo sToN DARTHUE w. BROWNE, or PRINCE BAY, NEW YORK, ANDFREDERICK L. W LLACE, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNoRs To THE s.s. WHITE DENT L MANUFACTURING coMrANY, or PHILADELPHIA, PEN SYL- vANIA,A CORPORATION or PENNSYLVANIA.

ANESTHETIC-ADMINISTERING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1920.

Original application filed October 7, 1913, Serial No. 795,699. Dividedand this application filed September 7, 1918. Serial No. 252,988.

1' '0 all whom it may concern Be it known that we, VILLIAM A. JOHN- STONand ARTHUR W. BRowNE, citizens of the United States, residing at PrinceBay, county of Richmond, State of New York, and FREDERICK L. lVALLAoE, acitizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, county ofPhiladelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Anesthetic-Administering Apparatus, whereof thefollowing is a specification, reference being had to'the accompanyingdrawings.

This invention relates to that class of de vices which are adapted to beemployed by dentists, surgeons, physicians, and other anesthetists inproducing and administering anesthetic 'mixtures in gaseous forms, andis a division of our prior application Serial #795,699, filed October 7,1913.

The principal objects of this invention are to provide a simple,efiicient and durable apparatus which may be readily controlled by theoperator to produce an accurate mixture of diflierent gases inpredetermined proportions, and be varied as desired to form anestheticsfor producing different degrees of anesthesia, and to infuse ether orother volatile liquid anesthetic into the gas passing to the patient.

Other objects of our invention are to provide an anestheticadministering apparatus with means to reduce the respective gases to apredetermined pressure without freezing prior to injecting thevolatilized liquid anesthetic therewith, and to provide means actuatedby the respective gases" to visually indicate to the operator that thegas is flowing or to similarly indicate cessation in such flow. V

Specifically stated, the formof our invention as hereinafter described,comprises an anesthetic administering apparatus havany ing means fordelivering nitrous oxid gas and oxygen gas 'from separate containersinto a mixlng chamber having an outlet arranged to deliver the propermixture of gases to the patient through a suitable inhaler, andcomprises a flexible gasometer arranged to receive the surplus gas which1s not taken by the patient durmg alternate pulsations of respiration,and also comprehends an attachment which may be interposed between themixing chamber and inhaler-to infuse into the mixture of nitrous oxidandoxygen gases a vaporizing "fluid suchas ether, for producingdifferent effects upon the patient, such for instance,

as profound anesthesia to effect a more complete relaxation of themuscles.

Our invention also includes all of the various novel features ofconstruction .and arrangement as hereinafter more definitely specified.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 1s a slde elevational view ofananesr thetic administering apparatus conveniently embodying this.invention, showing two gas cylinders, supported'by the headof'saidapparatus, and having a delivery tube provided with an elastic gasometerfor supplying a mixture otnitrous oxid and ioxyg'en gases to thepatient;. Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view taken axiallythrough the etherizing mechanism and mixing chamber, showing how itmaybe connected with said mixing chamber and trally and comprises fourfeet,2, respectively provided with casters 3, andthe separable parts ofsaid base 1 being joinedto gether and clamped to the standard 5 by thebolt 6 and wing nut 7, as shown in Fig. 1.

The standard 5 conveniently supports the head 8 which is provided withextensions forming yokes 10, arranged to receive and support the gascylinders 11 and '12.

The gas cylinders are provided, with valves having outlets which areconnected to suitable passage-ways, in the head 8 leading to thejinlets'ofmthe pressure reducers 13 and 14 for the nitrous oxid and .members 25which oxygen gases, respectively. Said pressure reducers arerespectively provided with radiating flanges 15 and 16 which are areranged to prevent freezing of the gas as its pressure is reduced fordelivery to the patient.

Said pressure reducers 13 and 14c are respectively connected by thepipes 17 and 18 with suitably provided passa eways in the head 8,leading into the mixing chant ber 19: and controlled by valves havinghandles 20 for the respective gases.

Within the mixing chamber 19 a baffle plate 22 is disposed transverselybetween the opposed inlet openings 23 of the passage-ways leading fromthe respective pressure reducers 13 and 14;, and adjacent to the inletopenings 23 are pivoted indicating are arranged to be rocked by the gasflowing into the mixing chamber to indicate to the operator that the gasis flowing; said indicating memhers 25 being visible through thetransparent closure 26 of the mixing chamber 19, which is held in placeby the spring ring 27.

The mixing chamber 19 is provided With the outlet 29 arranged to receiveone end of the outlet tube 30 in telescoped relation therein. As shownin Fig. 1, said outlet tube 30 forms a T-connection with the dome 32 towhich the flexible gasometer 33, preferably formed of rubber, isattached to receive the surplus gas which is not taken by the patientduring the alternate pulsations of respiration. In other words, theflexible'gasometer 33 provides an auxiliary reservoir for containing asupply of gas from which the patient may draw,

As shown in Fig. l, the outlet tube 30 is conveniently provided with acleat forming a hook or support upon whichthe flexible tube 36connecting the apparatus with a suitable inhaler (not shown) may besupported when not in use. Said flexible tube 36' is connected at oneend with theoutlet tube 30 by the elbow 37, having one arm in telescopicrelation with the flexible tube 36 and the other arm in telescopicrelation with the free end of the outlet tube 30.

In cases where more intense anesthesia is desired or where profoundanesthesia is re quired, it is necessary to employ a liquid anesthetic,such as ether, chloroform etc., and. for this purpose we have devisedmechanism for infusing into the anesthetic pass ing from the mixingchamber, ether orsuch anesthetic in a vaporized condition.

The mechanism for infusing liquid anesthetic into the gas, may beconveniently and readily substituted for the outlet tube 30 and itsassociated parts, and as shown in Figs. 2, 3, t and 5 comprises a casing39 having a tubular projection 40 engaged in telescopic relation withthe outlet of the mixing chamber 19, and provides a tang or projection41 arranged to enter the slot 42 in the body of the chamber 19 tomaintain the casing 39 in upright position. The casing 39 is provided atone side with a recess 43 formed by extendingthe wall 15 of the casing39 inwardly, and said recess is provided with a closure l6 preferablyformed of glass and providing a chamber 47 in which the liquidanesthetic may be volatilized by the gases passing therethrough. Theclosure 16 is suitablycemented to the ring 49 which is in threadedengagement with the casing 39, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and isdetachably connected with said casing in gas tight relation by means ofthe gasket 59 interposed between said ring 4:9 and the seat 51 111 therecess L3.

The tube 40 has an extension 52 project ing transversely through thebore of the casing 39, and through the diaphragm 53, closing the lowerportion of'the opening 55 in the wall of the recess 523, but leaving theaperture 56 for the passage of gas over said diaphragm 53 from thechamber 4-? into the bore of the casing 39 as shown by the arrows. I

The liquid anesthetic is conveniently contained in the reservoir 57,which is superimposed upon the casing 39 and provided with a closure 58having the cleat or hook 59 3901 supporting the flexible tube when notin use. p

The liquid anesthetic is admitted to the vaporizing chamber 47 from thereservoir 5? through the passage-way 61, as best shown in Fig. 2, whichincludes the valve seat (32 for the valve plug ('33 whose stem (islis inthreaded engagement with the casing 39, and

is provided with the knurled thumb-nut (i5,

by which it may be rotated to open and close the passage-way 61, as bestshown in l! 3. The passage-way 61 includesthe tubular spout (56 ar'anged to direct the liquid anesthetic into the outer end of thevaporizing chamber, in which it may collect to any desired depth uponthe lower cylindrical wall thereof. r r The casing 39 is provided withthe outlet tube 67 extending through the side wall thereof below thevaporizing chamber, and

may be conveniently connected with theflexible tube by the elbow havingone arm 68 in telescopic relation with. said tube 60, and the other arm69 in telescopic relation with the outlet tube 67, as shown in Fig. 2.

The lower end of the casing 39'is enlarged to form a dome 70, having theenlarged rim 71 for the convenient engagement of the flexible gasometer72, which issimilar to the gasometer shown in Fig. 1.

The mechanism thus far described may be employed to administer nitrousoxid and oxygen ases without the liquid anesthetic, the gas passing iromthe mixing chamber formed of closely woven wire mesh 7 3, having itsedges overlapped and connected by rivets 74, and provided with astiffening ring 7 5 at one end, and at the other end with the disk 76,which latter is provided with aneccentric o 'ening, from which thetubular projection 8 extends, and is arranged to be telescopicallyengaged within the tubular extension 52. As best shown in Fig. 5, saidtubular projection 78 is provided with a longitudinal slot 7 9, thewalls of which are arranged to embrace the projection 80 on the innersurface ofthe tubular extension 52, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, to insurethat the lower portion of the reticulated cylinder willdepend intoadjacent relation with the bottom of the :vaporizing chamber, andconsequently into contact with the liquid anesthetic therein contained.Said liquid an esthetic is absorbed by capillary attraction of the wovenmesh 73, and atomized by the gas passing therethrough, which gas carriesthe atomized liquid anesthetic in suspension from the vaporizingmechanism to such inhaling devices as may be employed.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that nitrous oxid oroxygen gases may be selectively admitted to the mixing chamber asdesired, by means of separate controlling valves operated by suitablehand wheels to admit the desired amount of either gas to the mixingchamber, which admission of the gas will be visibly indicated to theoperator by the signals in the mixing chamber, so that should any one ofthe cylinders become exhausted and the flow of gas cease, the signal forthat particular gas will immediately return by gravity to its normal.position and visibly indicate to the operator that the gas has ceased toflow, so

having a passageway for the gaseous anesthetic, and including thereinmechanism for infusing a volatile liquid anesthetic into said gaseousanesthetic, comprising a chamber for said liquid anesthetic, and areticulated cylinder having one .side dipping into the liquid andthrough which cylinder thegas is directed to atomizeand absorb theliquid held in said cylinder'by capillary attraction.

'2. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a passageway forgaseous anesthetic, and including therein mechanism for -infus ing aliquid anesthetic into said gaseous anesthetic, comprising a chamber forsaid liquid anesthetic, and a reticulated member in said chamberextending into thebottom thereof through whichthe gas in said passagewayis directed, to volatilize :and absorb the liquid anesthetic held insaid reticulated member by capillary attraction. A

3. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a passageway for gaseousanesthetic,

and'including therein mechanism for infus-v ing into said gaseousanesthetic a volatile liquid anesthetic, comprising a chamber for theliquid anesthetic, a removable reticulated capillary cylinder having oneside dipping adjacent to the bottom of said chamber, and forming avolatilizer through which the gaseous anesthetic is directed to absorbthe volatilized liquid anesthetic.

4. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a passageway for gaseousanesthetic,

and including therein mechanism comprising a'reservolr for liquidanesthetic, a chamher for said liquid anesthetic, means for admittingthe liquid anesthetic from said reservoir to said chamber, and areticulated capillary cylinder extending adjacent to the bottom of saidchamber, through which the gaseous anesthetic is directed to absorb thevolatilized liquid anesthetic. V

5. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a passageway for gaseousanesthetic, and including therein mechanism for infusing liquidanesthetic into said gaseous anesthetic, comprising a reservoir for theliquid anesthetic, a subjacent chamber for said liquid anesthetic, meansfor connecting said reservoir with said chamber, a valve for controllingthe flow from said reservoir to said chamber, and a reticulatedcapillary cylin der forming a portion of the passageway for said gaseousanesthetic and extending into adjacent relation with the bottom of saidcylinder. 6. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a, passagewayfor gaseous anesthetic, and including therein mechanism for infusj ingliquid anesthetic into said gaseous anesthetic, comprising a chamber forsaid liquid anesthetic, a reservoir for said liquid anestheticsuperimposed upon. said chamber, means includinga valve connecting saidreservoir with said chamber, and a reticulated capillary cylinderdipping into adjacent relation with the bottom of said chamber andhaving an eccentric inlet tube disposed in telescopic relation with thewalls of said passageway, and means to prevent rotation of said cylinderwith respect to the walls of said passageway.

7. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a passageway for gaseousanesthetic, and including therein mechanism for infusing into saidgaseous anesthetic a volatile liquid anesthetic comprising a chamber forthe liquid anesthetic, a removable closure for said chamber and areticulated capillary cylinder having one side dipping adjacent to thebottom of said chamber, and forming a volatilizer through which thegaseous anesthetic is directed to absorb the volatilized liquidanesthetic.

8. An anesthetic administering apparatus having a. passageway for thegaseous anesthetic, and including therein mechanism for infusing intosaid gaseous anesthetic a v0latile liquid anesthetic, comprising .acham- 'ber having a removable transparent gastight closure, and aremovable reticulated cylinder within sald closure, having one sidedisposed in ad acent relation to the bottom of said closure, andforming. a volatilizer.

and the 26th day of August, A. D., 1918, respectively. e

VILLIAM A. JOHNSTON. Vitnesses:

SAMUEL R. BARTON, CLIFTON G. HALLOWELL.

ARTHUR WV. BROWNE. W'itnesses:

SAMUEL R. BARTON, CLIFTON O. HALLOWELL.

FREDERICKL. WALLACE. Witnesses: I

ELSIEF. Jnn'rzson, CLIFTON C. HALLOWELL.

